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Central Subway Chinatown Station Art by Yumei Hou Costs?

Written By Monday 25 April 2022 Add Comment Edit

Hush-hush light rail line nether structure in San Francisco

This article is about the light rails service in San Francisco. For the lite rail service in Seattle, Washington, meet Central Link. For other uses, see Central line.

Cardinal Subway
The entrance to a two-track railway tunnel

The nether-construction Key Subway viewed from the south portal in October 2020
Overview
Other name(s) Third Street Low-cal Rail Projection Phase ii
Location San Francisco, California
Coordinates 37°46′48″N 122°23′55″W  /  37.779921°N 122.398540°W  / 37.779921; -122.398540 Coordinates: 37°46′48″N 122°23′55″Westward  /  37.779921°N 122.398540°West  / 37.779921; -122.398540 (southern portal)
Status Nether structure
System Muni Metro
Crosses Market Street Subway
Start fourth Street portal
End Chinatown
No. of stations 3 (plus 1 surface as office of extension projection)
Functioning
Piece of work begun 2012
Constructed Tutor Perini[2]
Opens October 2022[1]
Possessor San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Operator San Francisco Municipal Railway
Character Underground subway tunnel for light rails line
Technical
Line length 1.7 mi (ii.74 km)
No. of tracks ii
Rails gauge 4 ft8+ one⁄two  in (one,435 mm) standard gauge
Electrified Overhead lines, 600 V DC
Route map
  • v
  • t
  • e

Legend

Provision for time to come extension

Chinatown

BSicon CCAR.svg

Powell–Mason
& Powell–Hyde

BSicon CCAR.svg California Street

Union Square/​Market Street

Powell
Bay Area Rapid Transit F Market & Wharves J Church K Ingleside L Taraval M Ocean View N Judah S Shuttle (T Third Street)

Yerba Buena/​Moscone

I-eighty

4th and Brannan

T Third Street original routing

Caltrain

E Embarcadero N Judah

4th & King Caltrain

T Third Street to Sunnydale

The Central Subway is an extension of the Muni Metro light rail arrangement nether construction in San Francisco, California, from the Caltrain driver rail depot at 4th and King streets to Chinatown, with stops in South of Market (SoMa) and Union Foursquare.

The subway is the second phase of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency'due south Tertiary Street Light Rail Project. The first stage opened to the public as the T Third line in 2007. Ground was broken for the Central Subway on Feb ix, 2010.[3] Tunnel boring for the Cardinal Subway was completed at Columbus and Powell Street in the Northward Beach neighborhood of San Francisco on June xi, 2014.[iv] Originally ready to open in tardily 2018, the Fundamental Subway is (as of December 2021) projected to open to the public in October 2022.[i] With the addition of the Fundamental Subway, the T Third line is projected to become the nearly heavily ridden line in the Muni Metro arrangement by 2030.[5]

The extension will serve major employment and population centers in San Francisco that are underserved by rapid transit.[half-dozen] SoMa is domicile to the headquarters of many of San Francisco's major software and technology companies, and substantial residential growth is projected there.[seven] Spousal relationship Square, located in the city's downtown, is a master commercial and economic district.[8] Chinatown is the virtually densely populated neighborhood in the city.[9] The Central Subway volition connect these areas to communities in eastern San Francisco, including Mission Bay, Dogpatch, Bayview–Hunters Point and Visitacion Valley. The projection was initiated later on the Embarcadero Freeway was torn downwardly post-obit the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, when activist Rose Pak "virtually single-handedly persuaded the urban center to build" the Central Subway to compensate Chinatown for the loss of the fast cantankerous-town connection.[10]

The budget to complete the Central Subway is $1.578 billion. The project is funded primarily through the Federal Transit Administration's New Starts plan. In Oct 2012, the FTA approved a Total Funding Grant Agreement, the federal commitment of funding through New Starts, for the Central Subway for a total amount of $942.2 1000000.[11] The Fundamental Subway is also funded by the State of California, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority and the City and County of San Francisco.[12]

Alignment [edit]

In February 2008, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency lath of directors voted to select the alignment for the subway.[13] [14] In the approved alignment, trains travel due north along 4th Street and Stockton Street, stopping at one above-basis station and three subway stations on their 1.7-mile route.

Currently northbound T Third trains turn right from fourth Street onto King Street and travel along the Embarcadero to the Market place Street Subway. When the Cardinal Subway is opened, trains will instead cross Rex Street and continue north on quaternary Street.

The first stop is at an above-ground station at 4th and Brannan streets. Heading n, trains volition enter the subway through a portal on 4th Street, between Bryant and Harrison streets, under Interstate fourscore. The route and then continues nether 4th Street through South of Market, stopping at an hugger-mugger station, the Yerba Buena/Moscone Station, at 4th and Clementina streets, nigh the Moscone Center.

At Market Street, the subway dips below the Marketplace Street Subway. Another underground station serving Market Street and Union Square is located underneath Stockton Street. This combined Marriage Foursquare/Marketplace Street Station has entrances at the Market, Ellis and Stockton intersection, and within Union Square Plaza at Stockton and Geary streets. A pedestrian passage connects the Union Square/Market Street Station to the Muni Metro and BART Powell Street Station.

The subway then continues under Stockton Street (condign the second tunnel under Stockton Street) to Chinatown Station, a station located in Chinatown at Stockton and Washington streets.[15] [sixteen] Two of the three secret stations were constructed using cut-and-comprehend methods while Chinatown Station was constructed with the sequential earthworks method.[17] [xviii]

Route for second phase (under construction as the Central Subway), planned route for tertiary phase (extension to Fisherman's Wharf), and proposed routes for 4th stage (extension to the Presidio of San Francisco)

The subway tunnels, one for northbound trains and i for southbound trains, continue north by Chinatown Station along Stockton Street and stop nigh Columbus Artery, where the opportunity for extracting the excavators existed[19]. In the future, the northern cease of the T Third line may exist extended to stop in N Embankment or to Fisherman's Wharf and the Aquatic Park to connect with F Market & Wharves.

Fourteen culling routes were proposed in a 2014 study to extend the line, and daily ridership was projected to increase by 40,000 if the extension was completed.[20] San Francisco Chronicle architecture critic John King wrote there was "a compelling power to the idea of an extension that, if nothing else, would make the Central Subway seem less like a boondoggle and more of a factor in the shaping of tomorrow'south city. The empty lot of the Pagoda was a starting point for dreams. Let's come across if it tin can go a starting point of something real also."[21]

Cost [edit]

In 2000, the estimated cost of the Central Subway projection was $530 one thousand thousand.[22] By 2001, the price had risen to $647 million and completion was projected for 2009.[23] When construction began in 2012, the price had reached $1.6 billion.[24] When the main contract for Primal Subway construction was awarded in May 2013 to the lowest applicant, Tutor Perini,[25] the $840 1000000 contract was upwardly to $120 million over the budgeted corporeality, which took up near two-thirds of the entire project'south contingency.[26]

Due to the capital toll ($ane.578 billion for the 1.seven mile low-cal rail line), the Central Subway project has come nether criticism from transit activists for what they consider to be poor cost-effectiveness.[27] In particular, they notation that Muni'southward own estimates show that the project would increase Muni ridership past less than 1% and still by 2030 would add $xv.2 1000000 a year to Muni'south annual operating deficit.[28]

Chinatown Station construction site, August 2013

This position is countered by the fact that, unlike new rail construction projections in low-density areas in America, the Key Subway would augment admission to the densest portions of Chinatown and the northern Financial District. Current transit access to these areas is provided entirely on the surface through small blocks that characteristic intense pedestrian activity and narrow streets with multi-modal street congestion. Other, lower-cost rapid transit options were explored, such as bus rapid transit (BRT), only were rejected in office because these conditions practice non support the basic features of efficient BRT operations.

Compounding these weather condition is the fact that many Chinatown residents are transit-dependent and practise not own cars, helping rationalize funding for a subway. The high-ridership Muni bus lines serving Chinatown (eastward.k., the i California and the xxx Stockton) are typically extremely overcrowded, making service for customers more excruciating as excessive boarding activity slows travel speeds or exacerbates overcrowding until no more riders can be accepted and buses are forced to pass customers at successive stops, effectively denying them service.[24]

A group of politicians celebrate the completion of funding for the Central Subway Project

In Oct 2012, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) announced it would provide $942.2 one thousand thousand for the project under its New Starts programme[29] after indicating it would approve the grant in Jan.[xxx] This award included the recognition that better, more comfortable service for an already intensively-used transit corridor, particularly for low-income residents as in Chinatown, justifies the investment even if information technology does not attract a high percentage of "new" riders the way a new rapid transit investment might somewhere that is not already served by extremely deadening, uncomfortable loftier-ridership local service.[11]

Construction [edit]

A study released in 2000 called for the Central Subway as role of a larger plan to alleviate projected traffic gridlock which likewise included a light track line forth Geary.[31] Voters approved the Cardinal Subway in 2003, and the alignment was selected in 2008.[xiv] Physical piece of work began on the Central Subway in June 2012. The outset phases of piece of work included preparation of the tunnel slow car launch site and headwalls for the Yerba Buena/Moscone Station.[32] At the time, the FTA grant had not been secured, and opponents were threatening lawsuits over potential disruption to traffic and businesses.[33]

Tunnel boring [edit]

TBM "Mom Chung" prepares for launch, May 2013

The two tunnel tedious machines (TBMs) are named "Large Alma" and "Mom Chung" (for "Big" Alma Spreckels and Dr. Margaret "Mom" Chung, respectively).[34] Preparations for tunnel boring began on June 12, 2012, with the start of earthworks for the TBM launch box on Fourth Street between Bryant and Harrison.[32] "Mom Chung" was delivered to San Francisco in April and May 2013,[35] [36] and in late July 2013, "Mom Chung" began digging the tunnel for southbound T Third trains.[37] "Big Alma" began digging north in November 2013 at a slightly faster charge per unit, 54 ft/d (16 k/d), compared to the 44 ft/d (xiii m/d) average of "Mom Chung".[38]

The initial programme was to remove the 2 TBMs almost Washington Square in Northward Embankment in 2014 once boring was complete.[39] On July 31, 2012, a lawsuit was filed in Superior Court by Marc Bruno and Relieve North Beach, a 501(c)(4) organisation of North Beach merchants and residents who believed that the removal of the equipment on Columbus Avenue would cause permanent harm to the neighborhood near Washington Square.[40] The petitioners pointed out in their adapt that they are in favor of the City'south "Transit Beginning" policy and that they would favor the removal of the equipment if a subway stop was planned, approved and financed for their neighborhood. Muni General Manager Ed Reiskin announced a plan in December 2012 to extend the tunnel to Columbus and Powell, using the site of the long-closed Pagoda Palace theater to extract the TBMs, with a potential option to purchase the Pagoda as the site of a hereafter Due north Embankment station.[41] In 2013, MTA reached a lease understanding with the owners of the Pagoda to tear down the old building and apply its site for TBM removal. This will reduce impact of construction on the public space.[42]

On June xi, 2014, "Big Alma" broke through to the Due north Beach extraction shaft, joining "Mom Chung", which had arrived on June 2. The arrival of the TBMs marked the completion the boring operation stage.[4] The two TBMs were to be disassembled and removed, and the extraction shaft filled in by the finish of 2014.[43] The twin tunnels were fully complete by May 2015, when Mayor Ed Lee toured the project underground. Each completed tunnel is 8,500 anxiety (2,600 m) long and 20 anxiety (half dozen.1 m) in bore, supported past ane,750 concrete rings placed during the boring performance.[44]

Schedule [edit]

Track extension construction at 4th & King (September five–8, 2015) as a office of the Central Subway Projection

Just before structure began in 2012, the showtime of revenue service on the Central Subway extension was scheduled for December 2018.[24] When the chief contract was awarded to Tutor Perini in May 2013, schedule float (the amount of time set aside for delays) was reduced from 14.8 months to five.two months.[26] In 2014, the San Francisco Controller's Function audited the project and predicted it would be completed on schedule in December 2018 and slightly under upkeep.[45] Tunnel boring completed in June 2014, a month ahead of schedule and under budget.[44]

Over Labor Day weekend 2015, between September 5–8, the track at the intersection of 4th Street and King Street was extended, which temporarily shortened the services of T Tertiary Street between quaternary and King Station (referred to as 4th and Berry in the discover) and Sunnydale Station; the K Ingleside road also ended at Embarcadero Station and did non splice with the T Third Street road.[46] [47] A similar shutdown was imposed in early on November 2015. During the November shutdown, jitney service was provided in lieu of the T-3rd trains between Embarcadero and Sunnydale; E-Embarcadero service was suspended for two weekends; K-Ingleside once again terminated at Embarcadero; and streets were airtight in the vicinity of 4th and King.[48]

A Projection Management Oversight Committee report released in mid-2017 reported ten months of delays in structure, pushing back the date of service as late as December ten, 2019. The $76 meg contingency fund may be used to expedite completion.[63] The delays were attributed to work on the Chinatown station.[64] In December 2017, Tutor Perini (TPC) circulated a report predicting a fifteen-calendar month delay past Dec 2019 due to circumstances beyond their command, including hard rock and required utility relocations. TPC is liable for penalties of upward to $fifty,000 per 24-hour interval for tardily completion beyond December 2019.[65]

Also in Dec 2017, the Central Subway Programme Director, John Funghi, appear he volition exit the project for Caltrain, where he will head the Peninsula Corridor Electrification Project starting in February 2018.[66] In April 2018, SFMTA announced that earthworks was consummate for Chinatown station, which will exist the last station to be completed for Key Subway in mid-2019. The other underground stations, Yerba Buena/Moscone and Matrimony Square, are scheduled to be completed past the terminate of 2018 ahead of the scheduled December 2019 start of revenue service.[67]

SFMTA noted that of 37 schedule updates submitted past Tutor Perini between Dec 2014 and December 2017, 21 were rejected "due to multiple and repetitive problems that vary from incorrect working sequences to unrealistic forecasted completion dates to artificially steering the schedule longest path through certain portions of the projection".[55] : eight Opposite to TPC'south claims, SFMTA stated that ground conditions were as expected from preliminary surveys, but TPC'south "mining productivity has not been equally planned" and directed TPC to develop a recovery schedule. In January 2018, for case, TPC modified their structure sequence at Chinatown station and were able to shave xviii days off the schedule, irresolute the estimated revenue service engagement to November 22, 2019.[55] : eight By May 2019, the estimated opening had slipped to February 2020.[68] In September 2019, it was announced that the opening was delayed yet again, this fourth dimension to mid-2021.[69] Another delay to late 2021 was announced in June 2020,[70] followed past a farther delay to 2022.[71]

In March 2021, Muni imposed a deadline for major construction to complete by March 31 every bit part of a settlement with TPC for work order modifications and other claims; in commutation, TPC would receive a $143 meg payment.[72] Examination trains began performance in the subway in July 2021.[73] Past September 2021, construction was 98% complete.[74] Installation of overhead line equipment at the junction with existing trackage at 4th and Rex took identify in November 2021.[75] Revenue service is expected to start in October 2022.[1]

Other issues [edit]

Residents and workers near the fourth Street portal and North Beach extraction sites noted an increment in the visible number of rats later on construction began.[76] [77]

Structure of the Matrimony Square/Market place Street station required closing Stockton Street simply north of Market, which depressed traffic to retailers in Union Square.[78] During the digging, workers accidentally breached a water chief in July 2014, causing basement-level flooding in shops forth Geary betwixt Stockton and Grant.[79] The ensuing cleanup took several days and required a few businesses to go on stores closed.[80] Since Stockton Street has been closed between Geary and Ellis, starting in 2014, structure is suspended in Dec and the area is transformed into a pedestrian plaza known as "Winter Walk". Some[ who? ] have chosen for Winter Walk to exist made a permanent yr-round fixture, just notable opposition included Rose Pak, who wanted to retain Stockton equally a link from Market place to Chinatown.[81]

Workers breached a natural gas pipeline in May 2015 while working on the Yerba Buena/Moscone station, forcing the evacuation of the nearby Yerba Buena Center for the Arts.[82]

Art [edit]

"One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America", a mural painted by James Leong originally for the Ping Yuen housing projection in Chinatown, was enlarged, printed, and wrapped in 2012 around the Hogan & Belong building at Stockton & Washington, at the futurity Chinatown station site, prior to that building's sabotage.[83] In addition, temporary murals have been painted on the construction barricades erected around the Chinatown and Yerba Buena/Moscone stations.[84] Planning for the temporary murals began in Jan 2013 and $409,075 was allocated to cover commissions of $25,000 each to upwardly to 10 artists and production costs. The art would be printed on agglutinative vinyl and wrapped onto the plywood panels, measuring approximately 8 ft (2.four m) high by 190 ft (58 m) long at Chinatown, forth Stockton, or 160 ft (49 yard) long at Yerba Buena/Moscone, along Folsom.[85] Artworks included:

  • "Panorama", by Kota Ezawa (Chinatown fence, winter 2013/xiv)[86] [87] [88]
  • "Horizons", by Kota Ezawa (Yerba Buena/Moscone debate, winter 2013/2014)[87]
  • "Ellipsis in the Central of Blue", by Randy Colosky (Yerba Buena/Moscone fence, summer 2014)[86] [89] [xc]
  • "Sight Plan", by Maria Park (Chinatown contend, Aug 2016–17)[91] [92] [93] [94] [95]
  • "Procession", by Jason Jägel (Yerba Buena and later Chinatown fence, 2017)[91] [96] [97]

Temporary fine art was also installed around the Pagoda Palace Theatre from 2014 to 2017, while it was beingness used to excerpt the two tunnel wearisome machines.[98] Permanent installations are planned for each station.[99] A draft of the Central Subway Arts Master Plan was presented to the San Francisco Arts Commission in September 2008.[100] Artworks are divided into "landmark" and "wayfinding" categories. Candidates were announced in July 2010[101] and the winning entrants were announced on August 5, 2010:[102] [103] [104]

Permanent art at Central Subway stations
Chinatown[105]
Landmark Wayfinding Other(s)
Championship "Yang Ge Dance of Northeast China" "Urban Archeology" "A Sense of Community"
Artist Yumei Hou Tomie Arai Clare Rojas
Notes Two large-scale light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation-cut metal panels painted red, based on traditional Chinese newspaper cutting and featuring traditional folk heroes. I is 16 by 37 anxiety (iv.nine m × 11.3 thousand), to exist installed in the mezzanine landing, and the other is 30 by 35 feet (ix.1 m × x.seven g), to be installed in the ticketing hall. A large mural measuring 100 feet (30 m) and varying in top betwixt four–9 anxiety (ane.2–2.7 m) featuring images of the life and history of the Chinatown area rendered in architectural glass. A large tile mural based on Chinese fabric samples arranged in a Cathedral Quilting pattern. The finished mural will be a semicircle measuring approximately 35 by 14+ 1⁄2 feet (10.7 m × iv.iv grand).[106] [107]
Matrimony Square/Market Street[108]
Landmark Wayfinding Other(s)
Championship "Lucy in the Sky" "Untitled"
(working titles: "Illuminated Curlicue" and "Reflected Loop") 		"Convergence: Commute Patterns"
Artist Erwin Redl Jim Campbell and Werner Klotz Hughen Starkweather
Notes Hundreds of ten past ten inches (250 mm × 250 mm) LED-array-illuminated translucent panels, programmed to change colors, display patterns, and animations. Project installed by shut of fiscal yr 2021 (June thirty, 2021).[109] A stainless steel ribbon measuring approximately 250 anxiety (76 1000) long and varying in width between four–8 anxiety (ane.2–2.4 m), winding overhead. Project installed by shut of financial year 2021 (June 30, 2021).[109] Patterns on the glass deck and elevators superimposed on a topographical map, illustrating commute patterns in the Bay Area.[110] [111]
Yerba Buena/Moscone[112]
Landmark Wayfinding Other(southward)
Title "Untitled"
(working title: "Arc Cycle") 		(canceled) "Node" "Untitled"
(working title: "Face C/Z")
Artist Catherine Wagner Tom Otterness Roxy Paine Leslie Shows
Notes photographs taken during the late 1970s during the construction of Moscone Center, rendered on etched granite panels approximately x by 12.five feet (iii.0 m × 3.eight g). One photograph will be rendered in art glass at the surface level station entry at fourteen by 23 anxiety (4.3 m × 7.0 chiliad).[113] [114] Projection installed by shut of fiscal year 2021 (June thirty, 2021).[109] 59 bronze sculptures. Canceled in Nov 2011 later on it was publicized that Otterness had previously filmed himself in 1977 shooting a dog for the slice "Shot Dog Moving picture".[115] [116] A 110-human foot (34 m) tall sculpture shaped similar a co-operative, tapering from a bore of 48 inches (1,200 mm) at the base to ane⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) at the meridian. A photographic prototype of fe pyrite enlarged to 36 by 15 feet (11.0 thousand × 4.6 m) and rendered in drinking glass, metal, gravel, and other materials.[117] [118] [119] Project installed past close of fiscal year 2021 (June 30, 2021).[109]
4th and Brannan[120]
Landmark Wayfinding Other(south)
Title Northward/A "Microcosmic"
(working title: "Microscopic")[121]
Artist Moto Ohtake
Notes A kinetic sculpture approximately 14 by 17 feet (4.3 m × v.2 thou) atop a 40-foot (12 m) loftier pole, featuring 31 rotating points.[122] Projection installed past shut of financial yr 2020 (June 30, 2020).[123]

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External links [edit]

  • Central Subway – official home page
  • "Cardinal Subway". flickr. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  • SFCTA Primal Subway
  • Alternatives. SFMTA.com.
  • Purpose. SFMTA.com.
  • Affected Surroundings. SFMTA.com.
  • Chinatown Report. SF Relate. June 22, 2007.
  • Central Subway. Fog City Periodical.
  • Push For Chinatown Central Subway. Amy Hollyfield, ABC (KGO-TV). March 20, 2007.
  • Fundamental Subway an Alternate Proposal. RescueMuni.org.
  • Time-lapse films of Cardinal Subway structure by SFMTA photographer Robert Pierce

Fact sheets [edit]

  • "Project Overview" (PDF). Central Subway Weblog. October 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  • "Key Subway Tunnel" (PDF). Central Subway Blog. June 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  • "Chinatown Station" (PDF). Fundamental Subway Blog. March 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  • "Union Square/Market Street Station" (PDF). Central Subway Blog. April 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2017.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Subway

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